In the grand narrative of modern industrial civilization, every minor advancement in materials science often leads to a significant leap in human productivity. Among various metal materials, stainless steel undoubtedly ranks as one of the most revolutionary inventions. It not only transformed the appearance of buildings, redefined safety standards in healthcare, but also became the cornerstone in key fields such as chemical engineering, marine, and energy. Within the vast family of stainless steel, 316 stainless steel (and its low-carbon variant 316L) is hailed as the “industrial gold” due to its outstanding comprehensive performance, and is the preferred material in highly corrosive environments.